闲来无事，模仿你的图。

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary[
                arrows.meta,
                bending,
                backgrounds,
                graphs,
                graphs.standard,
                   ]
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=Latex]
 \graph [
    color class=c-0, color class=c-1,color class=c-2,color class=c-3,
    nodes={draw, circle},empty nodes,
    branch right, grow down]
{ [complete bipartite={c-0}{c-1},complete bipartite={c-1}{c-2},complete bipartite={c-2}{c-3},<-]
    x[c-0,],
    {[placement/width=1,placement/depth=-2]
        subgraph I_n [name=lA,c-1,V={1,...,5}]
    },
    {[placement/width=2,placement/depth=-2]
        subgraph I_n [name=lB,c-2,V={1,...,5},],
    },
    {[placement/width=3,placement/depth=-2]
        subgraph I_n [name=lC,c-3,V={1,...,5},],
    },
};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[>=Latex]
\def\mycircleradius{2mm}
\graph [
    color class=c-0, color class=c-1,color class=c-2,color class=c-3,
    nodes={circle,minimum width=2*\mycircleradius},empty nodes,branch right, grow down]
{[complete bipartite={c-0}{c-1},complete bipartite={c-1}{c-2},complete bipartite={c-2}{c-3},<-]
    {[placement/width=0,placement/depth=3]0[c-0]},
    {[placement/width=1]
        \foreach \i in {1,3,5}
        {
            {[placement/depth=\i]\i[c-1]},
        },
        \foreach \i in {2,4}
        {
            {[placement/depth=\i]\i[!c-1]},
        }
    },
    {[placement/width=2]
        \foreach \i[evaluate={ \mmm = \i-5;}] in {7,10}
        {
            {[placement/depth=\mmm]\i[c-2]},
        },
        \foreach \i[evaluate={ \mmm = \i-5;}] in {6,8,9}
        {
            {[placement/depth=\mmm]\i[!c-2]},
        }
    },
    {[placement/width=3]
        \foreach \i[evaluate={ \mmm = \i-10;}] in {11,14,15}
        {
            {[placement/depth=\mmm]\i[c-3]},
        },
        \foreach \i[evaluate={ \mmm = \i-10;}] in {12,13}
        {
            {[placement/depth=\mmm]\i[!c-3]},
        }
    },
};
\begin{scope}[on background layer]
    \foreach \i in {2,4,6,8,9,12,13}
    {
        \draw [densely dotted](\i) circle [radius=\mycircleradius];
        \draw (\i.135)--(\i.-45);
        \draw (\i.45)--(\i.225);
    }
    \foreach \i in {0,1,...,15}
    {
        \global\def\donotdraw{0}
        \foreach \j in {2,4,6,8,9,12,13}
        {
            \ifnum\i=\j\relax
                \global\def\donotdraw{1}
            \fi
        }
        \ifnum\donotdraw=1\relax
        \else
            \draw (\i) circle [radius=\mycircleradius];
        \fi
    }
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

主要用了 TikZ 的  graphs,  graphs.standard 这两个库。

另外也有 graphdrawing 库可用。

也有  tkz-graph 宏包，这个包的作者 也是 tkz-euclide 包的作者，手册好像是法文的。