用tikz画图就用tikz的方式来画图，你的需求大概是自定义一个图形，然后可以通过改变参数来改变图形，再tikz里可以把图形存储在pic中，然后通过修改键值的方式来完成，下面给了一个示例，需要更多参数仿照这个写就行了。 ```tex \documentclass[tikz, border=1cm]{standalone} \makeatletter \tikzset{ test inner x/.store in=\test@inner@x, test inner x=0.4, test inner y/.store in=\test@inner@y, test inner y=0.8, test outer x/.store in=\test@outer@x, test outer x=0.8, test outer y/.store in=\test@outer@y, test outer y=1.6, test width/.store in=\test@width, test width=3.8, test/.pic = { \draw[dotted] (0,0) ellipse ({\test@inner@x} and \test@inner@y); \draw (0,\test@outer@y) arc (90: 270: {\test@outer@x} and \test@outer@y); \draw [dotted](0,-\test@outer@y) arc (-90: 90: {\test@outer@x} and \test@outer@y); \draw (\test@width,0) ellipse ({\test@inner@x} and \test@inner@y); \draw (\test@width,0) ellipse ({\test@outer@x} and \test@outer@y); \draw (0,\test@outer@y) -- (\test@width,\test@outer@y); \draw (0,-\test@outer@y) -- (\test@width,-\test@outer@y); \draw [<->](0,-\test@outer@y-0.3) -- node[midway, below] {a}(\test@width,-\test@outer@y-0.3); \draw [red](\test@width,0) --node[midway, above] {$r$} (\test@width+\test@inner@x,0); \draw [red](\test@width,0) --node[midway, left] {$R$} (\test@width,-\test@inner@y); \filldraw[fill=teal,draw=black] (\test@width,0) circle (1pt); } } \makeatother \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} \pic at (0, 0) {test}; \pic[ test inner x = .2, test outer x = .4, test width = 5, ] at (0, -4) {test}; \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} ```